Impact
There is a bug in Wasmtime’s implementation of its pooling instance allocator when the allocator is configured to give WebAssembly instances a maximum of zero pages of memory. In this configuration the virtual memory mapping for WebAssembly memories did not meet the compiler-required configuration requirements for safely executing WebAssembly modules. Wasmtime’s default settings require virtual memory page faults to indicate that wasm reads/writes are out-of-bounds, but the pooling allocator’s configuration would not create an appropriate virtual memory mapping for this meaning out of bounds reads/writes can successfully read/write memory unrelated to the wasm sandbox within range of the base address of the memory mapping created by the pooling allocator.
This bug can only be triggered by setting InstanceLimits::memory_pages
to zero. This is expected to be a very rare configuration since this means that wasm modules cannot allocate any pages of linear memory. All wasm modules produced by all current toolchains are highly likely to use linear memory, so it’s expected to be unlikely that this configuration is set to zero by any production embedding of Wasmtime, hence the low severity of this bug despite the critical consequences.
Patches
This bug has been patched and users should upgrade to Wasmtime 2.0.2.
Workarounds
One way to mitigate this issue is to disable usage of the pooling allocator. Note that the pooling allocator is not enabled by default.
This bug can also only be worked around by increasing the memory_pages
allotment when configuring the pooling allocator to a value greater than zero. If an embedding wishes to still prevent memory from actually being used then the Store::limiter
method can be used to dynamically disallow growth of memory beyond 0 bytes large. Note that the default memory_pages
value is greater than zero.
This bug is not applicable with the default settings of the wasmtime
crate.
References
Config::allocation_strategy
– configuration required to enable the pooling allocator.InstanceLimits::memory_pages
– configuration field that, when zero, exhibits this bug.Store::limiter
– means of limiting memory without usingmemory_pages
- Mailing list announcement
- Patch for the
release-2.0.0
branch
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
- Reach out to us on the Bytecode Alliance Zulip chat
- Open an issue in the bytecodealliance/wasmtime repository
References
- https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/security/advisories/GHSA-44mr-8vmm-wjhg
- https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/commit/e60c3742904ccbb3e26da201c9221c38a4981d72
- https://groups.google.com/a/bytecodealliance.org/g/sec-announce/c/c1HBDDJwNPA
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39392
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-44mr-8vmm-wjhg