By Tom Verducci A failed PED test thus far has cost him his place in the Hall of Fame. Next month, he’ll get another shot at it. Five hundred sixty-nine home runs, 3,020 hits and one positive steroid test. That is the Hall of Fame candidacy of Rafael Palmeiro in one sentence. He gets a second chance Dec. 4. He is one of eight players on the Contemporary Baseball Era ballot—the only one with a failed test on his playing record. “I was surprised I was on it,” he says of the ballot. “I didn’t do anything intentional to enhance myself. I already had 500 home runs, close to 3,000 hits. I had no rea…